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MARCH 2007 MEETING MINUTES

The March meeting of the San Gabriel Writers’ League was called to  order by order by Vice-President, Dave Ciambrone. Twenty-one members and two guests were welcomed. Membership Chair, Trudy Wheeler, stated the league has grown by five new members.Contest Coordinator, Tammy Petty Conrad announced that the deadline for entriesin the annual Writing Smarter Contest had been extended to March 17. She also mentioned the need for more judges. Those who judge the entries receive a gift certificate applicable to the Spring 2007 Workshop or future workshops during the year. Entries received so far were assigned to judges by Ms. Conrad.Treasurer, Sylvia Dickey Smith, presented the financial report which was voted on by members.

     An announcement was made of the change of meeting places to the Georgetown Library beginning with the April 5 meeting. As the library will be furnished with sound equipment, the need for that particular purchase by the league was removed from the budget.

     Frank Campbell was present to announce the date of the third in a series of the Noble Generation books. The book’s debut and author signing will be May 19 at the Barnes and Noble in Round Rock.

     Joy Nord, Program Chair, introduced the evening’s speaker, Kit Frazier. Ms. Frazier’s theme centered on how to parley a winning contest entry into a contract.

     Ms. Frazier’s credentials include twice becoming first place winner in the novel category in the Writers’ League of Texas and Merritt Awards. She has also received second place in the SGWL contest several years ago.

     The author of numerous articles on the importance of entering contests. Ms. Frazier explained what to expect when you sign with an agency and the steps to get there. Her journey led her down several paths and genres and eventually brought her to the mystery novel, “Scoop.” Her book was chosen the Mystery Pick of the Month by the Mystery Guild. She is also a member of the Austin Chapter of Romance Writers’ of America.

     Handouts provided by the author give a concise overview of the basics of success from contest to contract. Ms. Frazier then took questions from the audience.

     The Vice-president adjourned the meeting.

Respectfully submitted,  June Venable, Secretary

Ø  Plan to attend the Spring Workshop

Ø  Plan to write something for a future issue of

The Gabriel Writer

Ø  Remember we’re now meeting at the

Georgetown Public Library

Member of the Month –

Editor’s note:  For those of you who don’t know, whoever is the member

for any given month must write the next Member of the Month article.

Helen Nardecchia, author, wife, mother—and SGLW Member of the Month 

                                                                                                By Roger Busfield

     It is a great honor to write about Helen Nardecchia, our SGWL member of the month. Helen won the prestigious Katherine Anne Porter award for a short story she has written entitled, Duchess and Friends.  She has also won other awards for her writing.

     Helen was born in December, 1930, in Chicago, Illinois, on one of the coldest days of the year; her Mother and Father had just relocated from New Orleans, the "Big Easy".

     They lived in a middle class area of Chicago where a Catholic church and school stood proudly on the corner of Harrison and Western within walking distance of the public school. Since her mother became a convert in New Orleans from Lutheran to Catholic, she enrolled her children in the Catholic school.

     Reading and being read to was a joyful part of Helen’s growing up.

     From elementary school, Helen attended St. Patrick's High School where she received a secretarial background. She knew she wanted to be a writer by the time she was a senior. But the idea laid dormant since financial help became important at home. After graduation, Helen worked for the Natural Gas Pipeline Company in the downtown Chicago area,

     One day, a handsome ex-Marine named Bud Nardecchia, sitting on a stool behind a drafting table, caught Helen's eye. A friendship turned into a marriage on September 8, 1956. After raising three children, the couple relocated to Austin, Texas in 1988. Her desire to write again began to surface, and more determination brought about the publication in 2001 of Sophie and Ben, her husband's parents' life story.   Immediately after that Helen wrote another memoir of her own parents' life story, published in 2005, called Remembering the Early Years.

     Helen has been very active in SGWL events. She attended the spring workshops in 2004, 2005, and 2006 and she will be working the registration table for the 2007 workshop.  

     Helen Nardecchia is a most charming, gracious lady whose talents we appreciate and whose company we all enjoy.

Member news

 

   

Member websites:

 

Dave Ciambrone

www.davidciambrone.com

 

Tammy Petty Conrad

www.tammypettyconrad.com

 

Joan Upton Hall

www.joanuptonhall.com

 

Melissa Leedom

www.forgive490.com

 

Phyllis Moses

www.wingsandstars.com

 

Joy Nord

www.joynord.com

 

Sylvia Dickey Smith

www.sylviadickeysmith.com

 

 

 

 

 

 

After a run-in with ...

                                                Carol Menchu

I look at us

walking around

in our individual wrappings

looking out on the world

with our individual psyches

making mountains

     out of mole hills

and mole hills out of mountains

and wonder at the

wonder(less)/ness of it.

 

I, who know life is but

imagination’s figment,

am as guilty as all

of de/constructing

monsters in my mind

reading into what goes on

what does not exist

beyond myself.

 

And while I seek a freedom

away from mind’s perceptions

I am afraid to let go of myself

to freely seek this peace—

this emptiness—

this freedom away from collective

human imagination of self.

 

I am afraid of losing something—

What?

Control?

But isn’t the ability to lose

control of control

gaining control

     of myself?

 

Southwestern Writer's Conference at TSU

Update from Rhonda Esakov of Georgetown:See the link below for the Field Writing exercise in Georgetown, This is the Thursday, June 7: 1-3:30pm Session 2C: Inner Space Cavern, Austin, led by Rhonda Esakov .

 Scroll down through the Thursday list of events to see more details. This website will be periodically updated with more news so check it often. Rhonda Esakov will be attending and will be the facilitator for the writing exercise in Georgetown. 

 

http://www.storycircle.org/WhatWildness/landstories/program.shtml

 



Border Hotline News Seeking Submissions

     Border Hotline News based in Alpine Texas, located near the U.S. Mexico border is seeking articles for publication.  This is a great opportunity for every writer to add to their collection of professional clips and money to their checkbook.  Drop a note to Joan R. Neubauer at jnwriter@aol.com to request the submission guidelines.

Texas Mystery Week

 

     Writers of Cozies, Thrillers, True Crime, and other Mystery Genres are welcome to submit the first 500 words and a one-page synopsis of their unpublished manuscript to the Barbara Burnett Smith Aspiring Writers Event.

     Six aspiring writers will be chosen and matched with a published mentor for one-on-one sessions and recognition at the BBSAWE in May.

2007 West Texas Book and Music Festival on September 28 & 29

     You may be eligible to win the 2009 Abilene Book Award. WordWright will announce the winner of this award at this year’s festival and debut the book at next year’s festival. It costs nothing to enter and here’s how to do it:

How to Enter: (You must be a Texas resident to enter.)

     1. Go to www.WordWright.biz and click on “submissions.” Here you will see the submission guidelines for WordWright.biz’s One Night Book Imprint.

     2. Submit your manuscript and other requested materials to wordwright@bigbend.net. In the subject line of your submission include the phrase “Abilene Book Award Submission.”

     3. Deadline for submissions for the 2009 Abilene Book Award is June 30, 2007.

The winner of the 2009 Abilene Book Award will be announced at the 2007 festival. WordWright.biz will publish the winning entry and the book will debut at the 2008 festival. The winning author must attend the 2007 & the 2008 festivals.

     (All entries will be judged solely by WordWright.biz. West Texas Book and Music festival representatives are not involved in any way with the judging. Neither WordWright.biz nor the West Texas Book and Music Festival requires a submission fee and neither organization has authorized any person or organization to charge any fees associated with assisting with The Abilene Book Award in any way.)

 

Regular Board meetings at 1:00 pm at the Wesleyan.  Open to members.
     The Gabriel Writer deadline is always the Thursday following  the monthly  meeting.  The newsletter goes to bed at midnight.
     The Website deadline is always the Thursday following the monthly meeting. 
     Books by Members contact Joan Hall (see Board contacts). 

The Writer's Digest Poetry Awards is now accepting entries. Don't miss your chance to win in the only Writer's Digest competition exclusively for poets.
     Go to
https://www.writersdigest.com/contests/poetry/ for more information
 
The Writer's Digest International Self-Published Book Awards
     For 15 years Writer's Digest has honored self-published authors with the Annual Self-Published Book Awards. Now is your chance to be part on this exclusive competition. With over $15,000 in prizes, this could be your chance to win valuable cash prizes and gain national exposure for your book.
     Go to
http://www.writersdigest.com/contests/self_published.asp for more information.

Grandma’s Health . . . A Medical Interview 

                                                                                                Neil Greene

     It’d have to been one of those days I was in a Coma.  Doctors used to not know anything about Comas.  I was the first.  They used to want me to go up to the University where they train the young doctors.  They wanted to use me for COMA THERAPY, show these young doctors what could happen if you didn’t breathe for a week or so, made your brain just shut completely down.

     Reason I didn’t breathe was because of this goiter around my neck.  Used to swell up so much it choked me off and I couldn’t breathe for days at a time.  Felt like a hangman’s noose. Not many women can live very long with one as big as mine is.  Sometimes feels like a big old synthetic rubber inner tube off a truck and put on my neck and aired up full.

     Even worse was when I had that tumor on my Pituitary glands.  Got so big it choked off my optic nerves and then I went blind in one eye.  Had to ask the grandchildren to go to the store and bring me back several bottles of ‘HADACOL’ to shrink it.  It was big as a baseball because I could feel it.  Sometimes it paralyzed me so that I was stiff as a board.  Couldn’t move a muscle for weeks at a time, just laid there.  If I hadn’t cured myself, them doctors could have written it up in one of those Medical Journals like they publish across the waters in England  or somewhere.  Had to keep my ‘SERUTAN’ locked up during these times.  Couldn’t afford to make a mistake like that and get mixed up on my medicine while I was paralyzed, unable to move and have movements I couldn’t control.

     Then the grandkids got to making a game of it.  They would say, “Want to come over and play with my grandma’s eye?”  Then I was in one of my comas, I got to where I was totally paralyzed and could only open one eye.  The grand children used to charge their friends a dime to come over and see my eye.  They would ask me to tell them a story and I could only blink that one eye, so then they would ask me questions where I could only answer with eye movement.  Couldn’t even move another muscle for weeks at a time. I was frozen so solid.  I think one week they must have collected forty dollars admission.  Had so many kids running through the house it looked like a chicken pen.

     Then that worthless hussy my son married; I warned him she looked like a Flapper, but no, he wouldn’t listen to me. Now the only time she comes over is when she wants something.  She’s stolen most all of my good china out of the hutch, and I haven’t seen my sterling silverware since their wedding party.  Every time I’m in a Coma, she comes over and takes something else precious to me.

     You’d think that after I shed blood birthing that boy of mine that he’d have more respect and compassion for his momma, but no!  That Barhop he married has him twisted around her painted finger, her with her tight corset, eye shadow, and pink rouged-up cheeks.  Tries to put her fat feet in shoes two sizes too small.  She’s a terrible cook and I bet she couldn’t add even if she does have silk gloves on.  That reminds me, I haven’t seen my gloves in a long time.

     I’ve baby-sat those grand kids for free so many times when they go out honky-tonkin’ on the town.  I think she picks up extra cash money by bringing her friend’s children when they want to have me baby-sit.  Seems to be an awful lot of kids and they don’t all resemble my son.  They never tell me anything, but a mother knows when all those children don’t belong to her son.  Those cross-eyed ones look just like that Reverend so-and-so down at that non-believer church where they just let everyone come in to worship.  Could even belong to that UPS driver that seems to come by quite often.  Come to think of it, it seems like it take an awful long time just to drop off a package during the day when my son is off at work. 

     One thing for certain, I don’t want anything of mine left in my will to pay for college for those illegitimate kids.  They may just put me back in a Coma now and then, but I can still puzzle it out all over again. 

     Now these gallstones are swelling up so much, makes my stomach pooch out more than it ever has.  I used to have a nice slender figure before the war and having a child and all.  This growth must be big as a football, has to be.  You do without, scrimp and save and work hard to raise your child up right and then he lets some nosey woman lead him around like he was just a puppy on a leash.  Lord only knows I could use some help, what with being a World War-2 widow since his daddy died over there somewhere fighting a war we didn’t start.  And I never could take time out to play bridge with the girls, just had to work my fingers to the bone trying to keep this house going by myself and stay off welfare, give my child a decent place to grow up, and now he don’t appreciate a thing I’ve done for him all these years.  I do love Jesus, but if it hadn’t been for my diligence, this whole end of town would have gone to hell in a hand basket

Corn

Janet McGriffin

Eating corn on a Saturday night,

not just one way to eat it right.

Sitting here

‘round the dinner table,

six different ways

friends are able

to salt and butter and boggle it down.

My mom would say they were going to town

but I prefer

a more observant view,

of what each of them

has found to do

with one ear of corn:

salt and butter as you go,

eating in a typewriter row,

start at one end and eat around,

while another has simply found

random bites are great,

mom cuts it off onto her plate,

as for me I behave like a crow,

as held in hand I eat each row

down from the end vertical style,

I’ve found a way

to make them smile

as if each of us knew

the only perfect way to do.

Create a Literary Legacy – Each One Teach One

                                     from your pres., Joan Hall

     Few professionals are as generous as writers, at least in my experience. I remember the sheer terror I felt the first time I forced myself drive into Austin alone to meet with the Austin Writers’ League “Novel in Progress” critique group. It’s a wonder I didn’t wreck the car the way my hands were shaking. Once there, I almost backed out at the last minute. Who did I think I was? Elbowing into a group of real novelists!

     But I crept in, praying to go unnoticed. No such luck, with fewer than ten members, anonymity wasn’t a possibility. As all went around the table introducing themselves and telling what they were presently working on, I half expected them to kick me out. I had to admit I was unpublished (later finding that most of them were too).

     Their warmth and helpfulness soon thawed the ice in my veins, and I eventually learned that all of us had skills and intuitions to pitch into the cauldron of critiquing. At first I wondered how I could ever repay the obligations to my mentors. Then I relaxed as I realized it doesn’t work that way. You pass along what you learn to whoever needs it—for the mutual benefit of everybody.

     Since then I can’t begin to name all the writers who have helped me. I’m not sure a lifetime is long enough to pass along what those mentors have given me.

     It’s like a story my dad told me about a remarkably successful tribe in Africa. Their only obligation was for every single person to teach whatever they learned to one other person: “Each one teach one.” We writers can do that—only in multiples.

     PS – You should have recently received the first issue of the email newsletter I edit, Page Turners, to see how you like it. If you want to keep receiving this free subscription, do nothing. To cancel at any time simply email the address shown in the newsletter.

Unnamed

  Janet McGriffin

Fly, fly my heart cries

like the wild birds that rise

over the water, wings outspread.

Leave the earth behind and

rise into a dance of flight.

Rise into the morning,

into the warm rising sun

of a new day.

Leave weight and strain behind,

sorrow and sadness below.

          Flee into joy.

Austin Writer Grrls

 

     Austin WriterGrrls is a group of fiesty women writers mostly based in and around Central Texas. Members are storytellers, novel and nonfiction book authors, poets, editors, essayists, journalists, article writers, e-book writers, ghostwriters, screenwriters, and playwrights. Many are award-winning authors. Many have additional acclaim in areas other than writing. All are quirky, passionate, and have something to say.

     Established in 1998, the Austin Writergrrls have gathered online in a private listserv to discuss writing and the writer's life. We began as a small group and now have seventy plus women in our fold who meet regularly for lunch, open mics, and the occasional workshop and weekend retreat. To become a member, contact Kim Lane at kimbolou @ aol.com, or AustinWriterGrrls-subscribe@yahoo.com.

     You can visit their website at www.austinwritergrrls.com

Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest: Worst Beginning of a Novel

 

     An international literary parody contest, the competition honors the memory if not the reputation of Victorian novelist Edward George Earl Bulwer-Lytton (1803-1873), who has just enjoyed his bicentennial. The goal of the contest is childishly simple: entrants are challenged to submit bad opening sentences to imaginary novels. Although best known for The Last Days of Pompeii (1834) and the phrase, "the pen is mightier than the sword," Bulwer-Lytton opened his novel Paul Clifford (1830) with the immortal words that the "Peanuts" beagle Snoopy plagiarized for years, "It was a dark and stormy night."

2003 Winner: Purple Prose

     Raul strode through the dark night, his way lit by twinkling stars as if the gods at some celestial concert were all flicking their lighters at the same time in appreciation of the drum solo-like beat of his boot heels against the pavement, occasionally accompanied by the steel-brush-on-a-cymbal sound of a splash as he kicked through a puddle, the plip-plop of water dripping from leaves like someone playing staccato on a two-note piano gone flat, and the wind blowing a bluesy tissue-paper-on-comb harmonica through the trees.                Dot Young, Garland, Texas

Also, when sending things in to Carol Menchu for the San Gabriel Writer, if you do not have Microsoft Word, then please copy and paste them into your email. Thanks!

For those who “think” they’ll enter/write a poem for themselves or the contest

                                                     from Pat Morse-McNeely

     I read a poem and 'feel'.  I lay it aside for a bit and then reread  to ‘feel’ it again.  Then read a third time to judge, then later, look at it again to be sure I was fair and just and read it right.

     Reason: You can read some things one time and not be impressed -- read it again, again, again, and each time see it differently -- depending on your state of mind or emotionality at the moment. Being fair to the poet, you expose the poem to various moods and/or mindset.

     So, judge your own poetry before you submit:

 

CRITERIA FOR WRITING & JUDGING POETRY (Points 5-meets criteria to 1 fails to meet)

Total Points will equal no more than 40 points

     Relation of Title to poem - should have some relatedness to the central idea of the poem

     Introduction – (hook) Opening should invite reader to read further, create interest/emotion (set the scene)

     Tone of the poem (loving, angry, comic, passionate, etc., etc.) should be set or hinted at in the beginning of the poem, also.

     Movement and rhythm – rhymed or unrhymed, free/blank verse should have a basic rhythm/ cadence to the wording. Prose poems should also have an underlying rhythm

     Demonstrate appropriate use of grammar/punctuation – while grammar is not as necessary as in prose, it should be used appropriately in the body of a poem. Punctuation may sometimes be eliminated to create flow or feeling – ‘poetic license’.

     Vocabulary (ability to use language contextually and clearly) – should be simple, direct and easily understood by the reader. Should not resort to elaborate, obscure or convoluted wording to convey a simple idea/emotion.

     Compactness – should not be ‘wordy’ – too many words bury the seed or central idea of a poem more often than not. Some very short poems (EX: Japanese Haiku) convey powerful thoughts, emotions and ideas. Many words do not make a thought clearer or a poem more readable.

     Needs no explanation as to purpose – should require no explanation as to meaning or purpose of the poem. Poem is written so that it speaks to the reader on his own terms to be successful. “From the heart of the poet to the heart of the reader.” If it needs explanation, no matter the intent, it has failed. After all, the poet will not be handy for explanations all the time or forever.

     Haiku – Traditional haiku presents a ‘single sentence’ using a total of seventeen (17) syllables:  Line 1 – 5 syllables; Line 2 – seven syllables; Line 3 – 5 syllables, dealing usually with a season of the year – but can be used to express thought on other subjects also.

     Format – should be appropriate to the poem’s ‘personality’. Should be pleasant to the sight and easy to read, line to line. There are many formats to use, but each should be considered in terms of the rhythm and flow of the poem, avoiding static stops and starts.  The eye of the reader should flow from line to line just as his mind should flow from beginning to end.

     Gimmicks – should be avoided. E. E. Cummings’ (eecummings) idiosyncrasy in his poetry grew out of the fact that he was not getting the attention he thought he should.  Gimmicks attract attention, but do not necessarily make a good poem. Generally, they should be avoided. Most poets occasionally like using gimmicks to make their poem intriguing or have a distinctive appearance on a page occasionally. Be sure it works as desired before using. (It is not ‘style’)

     Style/Voice – the poet’s signature. The style or voice you use in writing poetry will identify you as the poet. Bear in mind that there are literary detectives who can, through their careful examination/research, discover who wrote a piece of literature by its style or voice – the vocabulary, its structural use, the grammar common to a poet, the gimmicks and many other such small things, identify the poet.

     Imitation – Avoid this – develop your own voice/style (you will anyhow). While imitation is allegedly the highest form of flattery, it is also demeaning to the individual doing it. Hear your own heartbeat – rhythm – listen to your own words and expressions. Mimicking other writers is not using your creative talents to their best advantage.  Hearing someone say “He writes like Shakespeare – or Coleridge – or Frost” is not a compliment, if your really listen to it. It infers that you are unable to “do your own thing.” Besides, it is extremely hard to do successfully – you are not privy to their sources of inspiration, experiences, emotions, etc., therefore imitation is just that – imitation.

Writing Briefly

                                                                                     by Paul Graham

     I think it's far more important to write well than most people realize. Writing doesn't just communicate ideas; it generates them. If you're bad at writing and don't like to do it, you'll miss out on most of the ideas writing would have generated.
     As for how to write well, here's the short version: Write a bad version 1 as fast as you can; rewrite it over and over; cut out everything unnecessary; write in a conversational tone; develop a nose for bad writing, so you can see and fix it in yours; imitate writers you like; if you can't get started, tell someone what you plan to write about, then write down what you said; expect 80% of the ideas in an essay to happen after you start writing it, and 50% of those you start with to be wrong; be confident enough to cut; have friends you trust read your stuff and tell you which bits are confusing or drag; don't (always) make detailed outlines; mull ideas over for a few days before writing; carry a small notebook or scrap paper with you; start writing when you think of the first sentence; if a deadline forces you to start before that, just say the most important sentence first; write about stuff you like; don't try to sound impressive; don't hesitate to change the topic on the fly; use footnotes to contain digressions; use anaphora to knit sentences together; read your essays out loud to see (a) where you stumble over awkward phrases and (b) which bits are boring (the paragraphs you dread reading); try to tell the reader something new and useful; work in fairly big quanta of time; when you restart, begin by rereading what you have so far; when you finish, leave yourself something easy to start with; accumulate notes for topics you plan to cover at the bottom of the file; don't feel obliged to cover any of them; write for a reader who won't read the essay as carefully as you do, just as pop songs are designed to sound OK on crappy car radios; if you say anything mistaken, fix it immediately; ask friends which sentence you'll regret most; go back and tone down harsh remarks; publish stuff online, because an audience makes you write more, and thus generate more ideas; print out drafts instead of just looking at them on the screen; use simple, Germanic words; learn to distinguish surprises from digressions; learn to recognize the approach of an ending, and when one appears, grab it.

 

     This is not a contest – there is no judging and no fee. It is a wonderful opportunity for writers unpublished in the mystery field to get to talk to and be mentored by published authors. Full details about the April 20, 2007 submission deadline can be found at http://www.hotxsinc.org.

Old Friends

                                                                                © Neil Greene

 

Way back when Hank was still around,

You propped me up when I was down.

We must have chased a hundred girls,

Through all the streets in our home town.

 

And now I see you lying there,

It hurts so much to see you down.

I mind the times, us void of care,

We chased them girls all over town.

 

And since it seems we’ve all grown old,

It’s brought to mind, this death and dying.

Just keep on truckin’, we’ve been told,

We’ll not give up, just keep on trying.

 

You always have been there for me,

And now old friend, I’m here for you.

Through tear-dimmed eyes, it’s hard to see,

They’re tasks ahead, there’s things to do.

 

If the wheat is up and the rain comes down,

Let’s chase them girls again through town.

One thing I’ll say, while there’s still time,

That I love you, old friend of mine.

Creating Memorable Characters

 

    Character is the backbone of any work of narrative, more important than plot, more important than message; without believable characters with whom an audience can sympathize, no story will be as effective as it might. "Who is the story about?" is always a more important question than "What happens in the story?" If we care about people, we'll listen to tales in which seemingly nothing happens, just as you and your friends and family might trade accounts of your days over dinner. Here are some things to remember about creating the people who will populate your stories.

 

Characters need a past history.

     Called "backstory" in dramatic writing, this history tells us a great deal about who a character is and where he or she has come from. Think about yourself and the many ways in which your life experience has shaped you and you'll recognize the importance of creating a backstory for your characters. Although it may take additional effort--and you may, especially in a novel, still be finding out things about your characters as you write--knowing your characters well before you begin can help dictate some of their responses and help you tell your story.

     Did a character have a former girlfriend who loved the song "Copacabana"? Was the character abused as a child by a family member? Did the character drop out of school at age seventeen to go to Hollywood, only to return home defeated and desolate? Any of these factors can make a character come alive in your mind, whether the reader ever knows about them or not. In fact, it's best if you don't tell them everything; remember Hemingway's iceberg principle: You only see one tenth of an iceberg, but it's the hidden nine tenths that holds it up.

 

Writers use many different techniques to make characters seem real.

     When you read a story like Flannery O'Connor's "A Good Man Is Hard to Find" or Tim O'Brien's "The Things They Carried," note how many different ways these talented writers reveal information about their characters. Some basic ways: character names; setting; characters' likes, dislikes, personal preferences; thoughts and actions; dialogue; interaction with other characters; things said about the character. There are other techniques, but you can see how these may have an effect on how well-depicted your character seems to the reader. Here's how it might work: Imagine a disabled Gulf War veteran named Bo who drinks Old Milwaukie, lives in a green clapboard house that lists slightly to starboard, drives a Dodge Dart, and daily tells the mailman--as he sits on his porch plotting to bomb the U.S. Capitol so that he can get his revenge on the government--to "Get out my yard, flunky." The more different methods of character depiction you can work in, the more vivid your character will be.

 

Characters should be three-dimensional to be believable.

     Rarely in life is anyone all one thing--all good, all bad, completely cerebral, completely ruled by her passions. Since few people are completely one-sided, it helps the plausibility of your characters if they seem human as well. Your hero should have human flaws; they will make him both more sympathetic and give him obstacles to overcome. Your villain, likewise, should have a few points of sympathy as well. The greatest villains--John Milton's Satan,    Thomas Harris' Hannibal Lecter, Bram Stoker's Dracula--are all articulate and cultured creatures.

     Remember also Walt Whitman's "Do I contradict myself?/Very well then, I contradict myself." A man who hates everything and everyone might have a family of birds living in his oak tree that he cherishes. An atheist might be fiercely moral. A person afraid of heights might be driven to rock-climbing. A Vegan Buddhist might smoke Marlboros.

     Contemporary literature is fill of examples. In Kazuo Ishiguro's The Remains of the Day, the butler Stevens, a man seemingly closed off to emotion, reveals himself as a man deeply affected by love and loss. Thomas Keneally's Oskar Schindler is a mercenary failed Catholic who risks his life and spends his fortune to preserve the lives of his Jewish workers. Almost all interesting characters you discover will have contradictory impulses at war within them. Although your characters typically will act in well-established ways, be open to the possibility of inconsistency in them. Human beings encompass great contradictions; it is what makes them interesting, and it is what makes them human.

 

Characters need to want something, and they must be given the opportunity to make a choice.

     To create a useful conflict in a story, your characters have to have a deep-seated want or need that the story is about--either the gaining of that need or the frustration of it, possibly forever. In some sense, that need must drive the character and define the character. It can be many things: revenge, love, the need for aceptance, the desire to get the girl, the desire to get into a drive-in movie without paying; the character may not even know what he wants. But you must know. You character has to want something or the story will not work.

     Likewise you have to treat your characters with enough compassion to recognize that they must be given a choice. I hate the deterministic fiction of Naturalists like Emile Zola and Theodore Dreiser because I don't feel their characters are really given choices; Fate paints them into a corner and they are stuck there. Characters should always be given a choice of paths, of actions, of decisions, even if they choose the wrong one or choose not to make a choice. This is much more satisfying than the feeling that Fate/God/the Author has decreed that this story can only end in one way and so every other avenue must be blocked.